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Blenheim Orange
type: Culinary, Cider, Dessert
synonyms: Beauty of Dumbleton, Blenheim, Blenheim Orange Pippin, Blenheim Pippin, Blooming Orange, Dempster's Pippin, Gloucester Pippin, Goldreinette, Kempster Pippin, Kempster's Pippin, Northampton, Northwich Pippin, Northwick Pippin, Northwitch Blenheim, Red Normandy, Ward’s Pippin, Woodstock, Woodstock Pippin. Orleans Reinette may also be a Blenheim Orange. Sometimes called Rosy Blenheim , but this is not the same as Blenheim Orange.
summary: A dessert apple but frequently used for cooking. Makes wonderful purées. Eaten fresh, this a unique match with cheeses. It is also used as the flavour component in cider. The apple is almost identical to the Bénédictin and both appearance and flavours.
identification: Large to very large, round and flattened apple. The skin is dull with a green base maturing to yellow and covered with orange-red stripes. Russet spots and patches are frequent. The calyx is large and open, set in a wide and moderately deep basin, surrounded by a slight crown. The stem is short and stout, set in a deep, russetted cavity.
characteristics: Creamy-white flesh, crumbly and coarse-grained. Juicy, sprightly and very sweet with a distinct nutty flavour. Specific gravity 1.055.
origins: Found growing as a seedling against a boundary wall of Blenheim Palace in 1740 (later to become famous for being the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill) by George Kempster, a basket weaver in Old Woodstock in Oxfordshire (U.K.). Originally known as Kempster’s Pippin, it was renamed in 1804 to Blenheim Orange and sold through a Worcestershire nursery.
cultivation: Vigorous, upright spreading tree. Partial tip bearer. On its own roots, the tree needs to be a about 10 years old before it will produce fruit in reasonable quantity. The fruit develops in singles rather than as clusters as do most apples. Tends to produce best every second year. Hardy in areas of late frost, but it does not tolerate cold winters very well. Prefers light, warm, slightly moist soils. High maintenance. Due to its vigor, it is best grown on dwarfing root stock.
progeny: Oxford Yeoman , George Carpenter , Oxford Conquest , Beauty of Hants , Howgate Wonder , Annie Elizabeth , Edward VII , Eynsham Challenger , Eynsham Dumpling , Sergeant Peggy , Robert Blatchford , Celt , Victory , Newton Wonder
cold storage: Keeps up to four months in storage.
vulnerabilities: Very slightly susceptible to scab, moderately susceptible to canker, brown rot, resistant to mildew.
harvest: In the last half of the fourth period.
notes: The wood from Blenheim Orange apple trees was considered the very best for railway cog wheels.
juice_classification: Sharp
pollination group: D
pollination peak: 12
ploidism: Triploid. Produces only infertile pollen and requires the proximity of a source of viable pollen in order to produce normal crops of fruit.
cold storage weeks: 16
harvest period: 4
hardiness: 5
sg: 1.055
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