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Yellow Bellflower
type: Culinary, Cider, Pie, Sauce
synonyms: Bell Flower, Belle Flavoise (see also Belle Flavoise ), Bellflower, Bishop's Pippin, Bishop's Pippin of Nova Scotia, Connecticut Seek-no-Farther (this is also a synonym for the Westfield Seek-No-Further ), Fall Bellflower, Gold Calvill, Lady Washington, Lincoln Pippin, Lineous Pippin, Linnaeus Pippin, Metzger's Calville, Mrs. Barron, Reinette Musquee, Seek-no-Further, Summer Bellflower, Warren Pippin, Washington, White Belle-Flower, White Bellflower, White Detroit, White Spitzenburg, Yellow Belle Fleur, Yellow Belle Flower, Yellow Bellefleur, Yellow Bellfleur, Yellow Sheepnose
summary: A heritage apple that originated in the eastern United States and later introduced in Europe. Excellent for pies and sauces and cooks to a rich, golden puree. Sometimes used to make North American style cider.
identification: Large and oblong, sometimes long conic. Can be sharply waisted. Ribbed, becoming more prominent at the calyx basin. The skin is smooth with a base-colour of pale lemon yellow with a faint bronze or reddish blush on the sun-exposed face. Pale reddish lenticels are sparse, small. The calyx is medium size and partly open, set in a shallow, narrow basin which is surrounded by a knobbed crown. The stem is long and somewhat stout, set in a deep, narrow cavity, often russetted radiating onto the shoulders.
characteristics: The flesh is yellowish, fine-grained and firm. Juicy and aromatic. Sweet-sharp. Acidity is considered sprightly in a ripe apple but distinctly tart if not fully ripe. Thin skin.
origins: It orginated as a wild seedling in Crosswicks, Burlington County, New Jersey (U.S.A.) in the mid-1700s. William Coxe made mention of the Yellow Bellflower in his 1817 book, "A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees and the Management of Orchards and Cider," as did A.J. Downing in his 1859 tome, "The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America." Both authorities state that the original tree stood in Burlington County, New Jersey, and Coxe further establishes that the tree was quite old at the time. The Yellow Bellflower also showed up in France during the 1800s, brought from North America to the Normandy region by the Pépinières Baumann, where it became known as the Belle Flavoise, a name which was already used to identify an apple which originated in France.
cultivation: Moderately vigorous, spreading spur-bearer. Drooping once it starts to produce fruit. Bears good crops but has a biennial tendency. Grows best in warm soils, well drained.
cold storage: Keeps up to five months, but bruises easily. Flavour mellows in storage.
vulnerabilities: Susceptible to scab, canker, mildew and fire blight.
harvest: Ripens in the first half of the fourth period. Fruit tends to hang even after fully ripe.
notes: The term Belle Fleure is a Francisation of Bellflower which was the original name for this apple. Sometimes considered a Spitzenburg apple since it has a similar conic, ribbed shape. There is some conjecture that this was a parent of the Hawkeye which later became known as the Delicious and then Red Delicious.
pollination group: C
pollination peak: 9
ploidism: Diploid. Self sterile.
cold storage weeks: 20
brix: 13.6
harvest period: 4
hardiness: 4
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